Manotropin (hcg) 5000iu

Manotropin (hcg) 5000iu

Product Description
A purified preparation of human gonadotropins; in women, produces ovarian follicular growth; when followed by administration of HCG, produces ovulation; used with HCG for at least 3 mo to induce spermatogenesis in men with primary or secondary pituitary hypofunction who have previously achieved adequate masculinization with HCG administration.

Indications:
Women: Given with HCG sequentially to induce ovulation and pregnancy in anovulatory infertile patients without primary ovarian failure. Used with HCG to stimulate multiple follicles for in vitro fertilization programs.
Men: With concomitant HCG therapy to stimulate spermatogenesis in men with primary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to a congenital factor or prepubertal hypophysectomy and in men with secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to hypophysectomy, craniopharyngioma, cerebral aneurysm, or chromophobe adenoma.
Contraindications/cautions:
Known sensitivity to menotropins; high gonadotropin levels, indicating primary ovarian failure; overt thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, abnormal bleeding of undetermined origin, ovarian cysts or enlargement not due to polycystic ovary syndrome, intracranial lesion, such as pituitary tumor, pregnancy (women); normal gonadotropin levels, indicating pituitary function; elevated gonadotropin levels, indicating primary testicular failure; infertility disorders other than hypogonadotropin hypogonadism (men).
 Dosage:

Available Forms:

 Powder for injection--75 IU FSH/75 IU LH, 150 IU FSH/150 IU LH

Women:
To achieve ovulation, HCG must be given following menotropins when clinical assessment indicates sufficient follicular maturation as indicated by urinary excretion of estrogens; initial dose is 5 IU FSH/75 IU LH/d IM for 9---12 d. Follow administration with 10,000 IU HCG 1 d after the last dose of menotropins. Do not administer for longer than 12 d. Treat until estrogen levels are normal or slightly higher than normal. When urinary estrogen excretion is < 100 µg/24 h, and urinary estriol excretion is < 50 µg/24 h prior to HCG administration, there is less risk of ovarian overstimulation. Do not administer if urinary excretion exceeds these values. Couple should engage in intercourse daily beginning on the day prior to the HCG administration and until ovulation occurs. If there is evidence of ovulation but pregnancy does not occur, repeat regimen for at least 2 more courses before increasing dose to 150 IU FSH/150 IU LH/d IM for 9---12 d followed by 10,000 IU HCG 1 d after the last dose of menotropins. If there is evidence of ovulation but pregnancy does not occur, repeat this regimen twice more. Larger doses are not recommended.

Men:
Pretreat with HCG (5,000 IU three times per week) until serum testosterone levels are within a normal range and masculinization has occurred. Pretreatment may take 4---6 mo. Then give 1 amp (75 IU FSH/75 IU LH) menotropins IM 3× per wk and HCG 2,000 IU twice a wk. Continue for a minimum of 4 mo. If increased spermatogenesis has not occurred at the end of 4 mo, continue treatment with 1 amp menotropins three times per week or 2 amps (dose of 150 IU FSH/150 IU LH) menotropins three times per week with the HCG dose unchanged.

Pharmacokinetics:
Route Onset Peak Duration
IM Slow Weeks Months
Metabolism: T½: unknown

Distribution: Crosses placenta

Excretion: Urine

Adverse Effects:
Women:
CV: Arterial thromboembolism
GU: Ovarian enlargement, hyperstimulation syndrome, hemoperitoneum
Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions
Other: Febrile reactions; birth defects in resulting pregnancies, multiple pregnancies
Men:
Endocrine: Gynecomastia
Nursing Considerations:

Assessment:

History:

Sensitivity to menotropins; high gonadotropin levels; overt thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, abnormal bleeding of undetermined origin, ovarian cysts or enlargement not due to polycystic ovary syndrome, intracranial lesion (women); normal gonadotropin levels; elevated gonadotropin levels; infertility disorders other than hypogonadotropin hypogonadism (men)

Physical:

T; masculinization (men); abdominal exam, pelvic exam; testicular exam; serum gonadotropin levels; 24 h urinary estrogens and estriol excretion (women); serum testosterone levels (men)

Implementation:
Dissolve contents of 1 amp in 1---2 ml of Sterile Saline. Administer IM immediately. Discard any unused portion.
Store ampules at room temperature or in refrigerator; do not freeze.
Monitor women at least every other day during treatment and for 2 wk after treatment for any sign of ovarian enlargement.
Discontinue drug at any sign of ovarian overstimulation, and arrange to have patient admitted to the hospital for observation and supportive measures. Do not attempt to remove ascitic fluid because of the risk of injury to the ovaries. Have the patient refrain from intercourse if ovarian enlargement occurs.
Provide women with calendar of treatment days and explanations about what signs of estrogen and progesterone activity to watch for. Caution patient that 24-h urine collections will be needed periodically, that HCG also must be given to induce ovulation, and that daily intercourse should begin 1 d prior to HCG administration and until ovulation occurs.
Alert patient to risks and hazards of multiple births.
Provide support and encouragement to the male patient, explaining the need for long-term treatment, regular sperm counts, and masculinizing effects of HCG.
Drug-specific teaching points:

Prepare a calendar showing the treatment schedule; drug can only be given IM and must be used with HCG to achieve the desired effects.
Have intercourse daily beginning on the day prior to HCG therapy until ovulation occurs.
The following may occur: breast enlargement (men); ovarian enlargement, abdominal discomfort, fever, multiple births (women).
Report pain at injection site, severe abdominal or lower back pain, fever, fluid in the abdomen.
Adverse effects in Italic are most common; those in Bold are life-threatening.

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Phenobarbitone 30mg by Uni-Tiech

Phenobarbitone 30mg by Uni-Tiech

Product Description
Generic Name:

 Phenobarbitone

Trade Name(s):

 Phenobarbitone, Epinil, Lumnial, Phenobarb, Epigard, Epitan, Fenobarb, Emgard, Phenetone, Epinil, G 30, Shenobar, Epikon, Shinosun, Barbee, G-60, Barbinol, Epikon, Gardenal, Gee, Phenobarbitone Sodium Inj.

Why it is prescribed (Indications):

 This medication is a barbiturate, prescribed for seizures, and treating sleep disorders.  It works by slowing the activity in the brain.

How does it work?
Phenobarbital (previously known as phenobarbitone in the UK) belongs to a group of medicines called barbiturates. It is used to treat epilepsy and works by stabilising electrical activity in the brain.

The brain and nerves are made up of many nerve cells that communicate with each other through electrical signals. These signals must be carefully regulated for the brain and nerves to function properly. When abnormally rapid and repetitive electrical signals are released in the brain, the brain becomes over-stimulated and normal function is disturbed. This can result in fits or seizures.

Phenobarbital prevents epileptic fits by preventing the excessive electrical activity in the brain. It is thought to achieve this by affecting certain neurotransmitters in the brain.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are stored in nerve cells and are involved in transmitting messages between the nerve cells. GABA is a neurotransmitter that acts as a natural 'nerve-calming' agent. It helps keep the nerve activity in the brain in balance. Glutamate is a neurotransmitter that acts as a natural 'nerve-exciting' agent. It is released when electrical signals build up in nerve cells and subsequently excites more nerve cells. It is thought to play a key role in causing epileptic seizures.

Phenobarbital increases the activity of GABA and decreases the activity of glutamate in the brain. These actions help stabilise the electrical activity in the brain and prevent epileptic fits.

Phenobarbital is available as tablets, elixir and injection. The injection is used to control repeated fitting, when consciousness is not regained between seizures. This condition is called status epilepticus.

Dosage & When it is to be taken:

 Adult- PO- The recommended dose is 30 to 60mg once daily or in divided doses.
IM/IV- The recommended dose is 100 to 200mg.

How it should be taken:

 It comes as a tablet to take by mouth, with or without food.

Warnings and Precautions:

 * Caution should be exercised in patients with history of depression, pain, breathing problems, suicidal tendencies, shock, drug dependency, alcoholism, any allergy, who are taking other medications, elderly, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
* It may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or lightheadedness, do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication.
* Avoid alcohol consumption.
* It should not be used in children less than 12 years.

Side Effects:

Central Nervous system - Agitation, confusion, involuntary movements, incoordination, CNS depression, nightmares, nervousness, mental disturbance, hallucinations, sleeplessness, anxiety, drowsiness, and dizziness and thinking abnormality.
Respiratory - Difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath.
Heart - Slow heart rate, low blood pressure and fainting.
Gastrointestinal - Nausea, vomiting and constipation.
Miscellaneous - Headache, injection site reactions, hypersensitivity reactions, fever, liver damage and anemia.


Other Precautions:

 * Avoid excess dosage.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): Contraindicated in patients with acute intermittent porphyria, severe lung insufficiency, and obstructive sleep apnea, liver and kidney disease.

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Alp 1mg by Hiltom Pharma

Alp 1mg by Hiltom Pharma

Product Description
ALP (Alprazolam) is in a group of drugs called benzodiazepines (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peens). It works by slowing down the movement of chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced. This results in a reduction in nervous tension (anxiety).

Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety caused by depression.

Alprazolam may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

Side Effects:
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to alprazolam or to other benzodiazepines, such as chlordiazepoxide (Librium), clorazepate (Tranxene), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), or oxazepam (Serax). This medication can cause birth defects in an unborn baby. Do not use alprazolam if you are pregnant.

Before taking alprazolam, tell your doctor if you have any breathing problems, glaucoma, kidney or liver disease, or a history of depression, suicidal thoughts, or addiction to drugs or alcohol.

Do not drink alcohol while taking alprazolam. This medication can increase the effects of alcohol.

This medication may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Alprazolam should never be shared with another person, especially someone who has a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it.

It is dangerous to try and purchase alprazolam on the Internet or from vendors outside of the United States. Medications distributed from Internet sales may contain dangerous ingredients, or may not be distributed by a licensed pharmacy. Samples of alprazolam purchased on the Internet have been found to contain haloperidol (Haldol), a potent antipsychotic drug with dangerous side effects. For more information, contact the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or visit www.fda.gov/buyonlineguide

Precautions:
Do not use this medication if you have:

narrow-angle glaucoma;

if you are also taking itraconazole (Sporanox) or ketoconazole (Nizoral); or

if you are allergic to alprazolam or to other benzodiazepines, such as chlordiazepoxide (Librium), clorazepate (Tranxene), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), or oxazepam (Serax).

Before taking alprazolam, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:

asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), or other breathing problems;

glaucoma;

kidney or liver disease (especially alcoholic liver disease);

a history of depression or suicidal thoughts or behavior; or

a history of drug or alcohol addiction.

If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take alprazolam.

FDA pregnancy category D. Alprazolam can cause birth defects in an unborn baby. Do not use alprazolam without your doctor's consent if you are pregnant. Tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment. Use an effective form of birth control while you are using this medication. Alprazolam can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. The sedative effects of this medication may last longer in older adults. Accidental falls are common in elderly patients who take benzodiazepines. Use caution to avoid falling or accidental injury while you are taking alprazolam. Do not give this medication to anyone under 18 years old.

Overview:

Alprazolam Extended-Release Tablets has been shown to cause harm to the human fetus. If you plan on becoming pregnant, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Alprazolam Extended-Release Tablets during pregnancy. Alprazolam Extended-Release Tablets are excreted in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Alprazolam Extended-Release Tablets.

Alprazolam Pregnancy Warnings:
Alprazolam has been assigned to pregnancy category D by the FDA. An increased risk of congenital malformations in humans has been suggested with use of other benzodiazepines, although small studies have not implicated alprazolam. Withdrawal symptoms have been described in neonates whose mothers took alprazolam during pregnancy. There are no controlled data in human pregnancy. Alprazolam use is considered contraindicated during pregnancy.

Alprazolam Breastfeeding Warnings:
Chronic administration of another benzodiazepine, diazepam, to nursing mothers has been reported to cause their infants to become lethargic and lose weight.

Alprazolam is probably excreted into human milk in small amounts. Withdrawal symptoms have been described in nursing infants whose mothers have withdrawn from alprazolam. The manufacturer recommends that, as a general rule, nursing should not be undertaken by mothers who must use alprazolam.

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Testolic 100mg/2ml by Body Research

Testolic 100mg/2ml by Body Research

Product Description

Introduction to Testosterone propionate:

Testosterone propionate is a commonly  manufactured, oil-based injectable Testosterone compound. The added  Testosterone propionate ester will slow the rate in which the steroid is  released from the injection site, but only for a few days. Testosterone  propionate is therefore comparatively much faster acting than other  Testosterone esters such as Testosterone cypionate or/and Testosterone  enanthate, and requires a much more frequent dosing schedule. While  Testosterone cypionate and enanthate are injected on a weekly basis,  Testosterone propionate is generally administered (at least) every third  day. Figure one illustrates a typical release pattern after injection.  As you can see, levels peak and begin declining quickly with this ester  of Testosterone. To make this drug even more uncomfortable to use, the  Testosterone propionate ester can be very irritating to the site of  injection. In fact, many sensitive individuals choose to stay away from  Testosterone propionate completely, their body reacting with a  pronounced soreness and low-grade fever that may last for a few days.  Even the mild soreness that is experienced by most users can be quite  uncomfortable, especially when taking multiple injections each week. The  "standard" esters like Testosterone enanthate and cypionate, which are  clearly easier to use, are therefore much more popular among athletes.

Effects of Testosterone propionate Those who are not bothered by frequent  injections will find that Testosterone propionate is quite an effective  steroid. Testosterone propionate is of course a powerful mass drug,  capable of producing rapid gains in size and strength. At the same time  the buildup of estrogen and DHT (dihydrotestosterone) will be  pronounced, so typical Testosterone side effects are to be expected.  Some do consider Testosterone propionate to be the mildest Testosterone  ester, and the preferred form of this hormone for dieting/cutting phases  of training. Some will go so far as to say that Testosterone propionate  will harden the physique, while giving the user less water and fat  retention than one typically expects to see with a Testosterone.  Realistically however, this is nonsense. The ester is removed before  Testosterone is active in the body, and likewise the ester cannot alter  the activity of the parent steroid in any way, only slow its release. We  can say that Testosterone propionate might be the favored Testosterone  among female bodybuilders (for those who insist on Testosterone use!),  as blood levels are easier to control with it compared to other esters.  Should virilization symptoms develop, one would not wish to wait the  weeks needed for Testosterone concentrations to fall after a shot of  Testosterone enanthate for example. Testolic Side Effects During a typical cycle one will see  action that is consistent with a Testosterone. Users sensitive to  gynecomastia may therefore need to addition an antiestrogen. Those  particularly troubled may find that a combination of Nolvadex and  Proviron works especially well at preventing/halting this occurrence.

Also unavoidable with a Testosterone are androgenic side effects like  oily skin, acne, increased aggression and body/facial hair growth. Those  who may have a predisposition for male pattern baldness may also find  that Testosterone propionate will aggravate this condition. To help  combat this we also have the option of adding Propecia®/Proscar®, which  will reduce the buildup of DHT in many androgen target tissues. This  will help minimize related side effects (particularly hair loss) from  Testosterone propionate although it offers us no guarantees. And as with  all Testosterone products, propionate will also suppress endogenous  Testosterone production. The use of a Testosterone stimulating drug like  HCG and/or Clomid is therefore almost a requirement in order to avoid  enduring a post-cycle crash. Testolic Dosage The most common dosage schedule for this  compound (men) is to inject 50 to 100mg, every 2 or 3 day. As with the  more popular esters, the total weekly dosage would be in the range of  200-400mg. As with all Testosterone compounds, this drug is most  appropriately suited for bulking phases of training. Here it is most  often combined with other strong agents such as Dianabol, Anadrol 50 or  Deca Durabolin, combinations that prove to be quite formidable.  Testosterone propionate however is sometimes also used with  nonaromatizing anabolics/androgens during cutting or dieting phases of  training, a time when its' fast action and androgenic nature are also  appreciated. Popular stacks include a moderate dosage of Testosterone  propionate with an oral anabolic like Winstrol (15-35 mg daily),  Primobolan (50-150mg daily) or oxandrolone (15-30mg daily). Provided the  body fat percentage is sufficiently low, the look of dense muscularity  can be notably improved (barring any excess estrogen buildup from the  testosterone). We can further add a non-aromatizing androgen like  trenbolone or Halotestin, which should have an even more extreme effect  on subcutaneous body fat and muscle hardness. Of course with the added  androgen content any related Testosterone propionate side effects will  become much more pronounced.

Testosterone Propionate is Widely used in bodybuilding steroid Testolic that is taken in almost every cycle. Being the basic steroid, this drug has important impact in the growth and development of body muscles.A Testolic popular testosterone compound, well known between bodybuilders / athletes with Testosterone propionate. It represents an oil-based Testolic injectable steroid. Testosterone propionate is considering being one of the most effective preparations for body mass and gain strength. Testolic Propionate is one of the shortest ester, with active life of 2-3 days, that does not mean that it is not efficient. It is the same efficient Testolic as other long acting testosterone. The positive side is that it will release more quickly into the Bloodstream, Which will produce quick Testolic gains in strength and size. Being short acting Testosterone propionate also leaves the body quickly, Which means that your body can begin to recover from side effects more quickly. Its detection time is about 2-3 weeks. Testosterone propionate is also low on toxic liver.The negative side is that propionate need to be injected more frequent that other Testosterone Propionate ester. Bodybuilders find effective to inject every other day 2. Recommended dose for male sportsmen is 50mg-150mg per day. Testosterone propionate is Often used among female bodybuilders, because blood levels are easier Testolic to control with it Compared to other esters. Recommended dose is 25-50mg per day and should be Administered every 5-7 days. The duration of Their cycle should not Exceed 8 weeks.As any form of testosterone, testosterone propionate is partially converted to both estrogen and Testolic Dihydrotestosterone. These are Often the cause of many side effects dry as gynecomastia, water retention, hair loss and prostate enlargement. Although it was noticed that when Compared to other Testosterone Propionate this side effects are milder.In order to obtain better results Testolic in gaining mass and strength bodybuilders / athletes chose to stack it with stanozolol, trenbolone, nandrolone, oxymetholone, oxandrolone Testolic and methandrostenolone.As many other steroid Testosterone propionate cause different side effects, as: acne, water retention, high blood pressure, aromatization, hair loss, gynecomastia and other. To Avoid them it is recommended to take during the dry cycle ancillary drugs and Testolic nolvadex, Proviron and arimidex.Testosterone propionate is produced by many reputable pharmaceutical companies and dry Testolic (Body Research)

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Aloram (Alprazolam) 2mg by Global Pharmaceuticals

Product Description

Alprazolam (Aloram 2mg)  /ælˈpræzəlæm/ (trade name Xanax, available among other generic names) is a short-acting anxiolytic of the benzodiazepine class of psychoactive drugs. Alprazolam, like other benzodiazepines, binds to specific sites on the GABAA gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor. Alprazolam is commonly used and FDA approved for the medical treatment of panic disorder, and anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or social anxiety disorder (SAD). Alprazolam is available for oral administration in compressed tablet (CT) and extended-release capsule (XR) formulations. Alprazolam possesses anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, skeletal muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, and amnestic properties.

Alprazolam has a fast onset of action and symptomatic relief. Ninety percent of peak benefits are achieved within the first hour (although onset may begin at 8-25 minutes of ingestion) of using either preparation for panic disorder, and full peak benefits are achieved in 1.5 and 1.6 hours respectively. Peak benefits achieved for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) may take up to a week.Tolerance to the anxiolytic/antipanic effects is controversial with some authoritative sources reporting the development of tolerance and others reporting no development of tolerance tolerance will however, develop to the sedative effects within a couple of days. Withdrawal symptoms or rebound symptoms may occur after ceasing treatment abruptly following a few weeks or longer of steady dosing, and may necessitate a gradual dose reduction.

Alprazolam is the most prescribed and the most misused benzodiazepine on the U.S. retail market. The potential for abuse among those taking it for medical reasons is controversial with some expert reviews stating that the risk is low and similar to that of other benzodiazepine drugs and others stating that there is a substantial risk of abuse and dependence in both patients and non-medical users of alprazolam and that the pharmacological properties of alprazolam, high affinity binding, high potency, having a short elimination half-life as well as a rapid onset of action increase the abuse potential of alprazolam. Compared to the large number of prescriptions, relatively few individuals increase their dose on their own initiative or engage in drug-seeking behavior.Alprazolam is classified as a schedule IV controlled substance by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).

Medical uses:

Alprazolam is mostly used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and nausea due to chemotherapy. The FDA label advises that the physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug.

Panic disorder:

Alprazolam is effective in the relief of moderate to severe anxiety and panic attacks.It however is not a first line treatment, since the development of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and alprazolam is no longer recommended for the treatment of panic disorder (in Australia) due to concerns regarding tolerance, dependence and abuse.Evidence supporting the effectiveness of alprazolam in treating panic disorder has been limited to 4 to 10 weeks. However, people with panic disorder have been treated on an open basis for up to 8 months without apparent loss of benefit.

In the US alprazolam is FDA-approved for the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia.[4] Alprazolam is recommended by the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) for treatment-resistant cases of panic disorder where there is no history of tolerance or dependence, as of 2002.

Anxiety disorders:

In the US alprazolam is FDA-approved for the management of anxiety disorders (a condition corresponding most closely to the APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM-III-R diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder) or the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety associated with depression is responsive to alprazolam. Demonstrations of the effectiveness by systematic clinical study are limited to 4 months duration for anxiety disorder.[4] However, the research into antidepressant properties of alprazolam is of poor quality and only assessed the short-term effects of alprazolam against depression.[19] In one study, some long term, high-dosage users of alprazolam developed reversible depression.[20] In the UK, alprazolam is recommended for the short-term treatment (2–4 weeks) of severe acute anxiety.

Nausea due to chemotherapy:

Alprazolam may be used in combination with other medications for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Pregnancy and lactation:

Benzodiazepines cross the placenta, enter into the fetus and are also excreted with breast milk. The use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy or lactation has potential risks. The use of alprazolam in pregnancy is believed to be associated with congenital abnormalities. Diazepam and chlordiazepoxide have a better safety profile in pregnancy than alprazolam.

Women who are pregnant or are planning on becoming pregnant should avoid starting alprazolam. Use in the last trimester may cause fetal drug dependence and withdrawal symptoms in the post-natal period as well as neonatal flaccidity and respiratory problems. However, in long-term users of benzodiazepines abrupt discontinuation due to concerns of teratogenesis has a high risk of causing extreme withdrawal symptoms and a severe rebound effect of the underlying mental health disorder. Spontaneous abortions may also result from abrupt withdrawal of psychotropic medications including benzodiazepines.

Benzodiazepines, including alprazolam, are known to be excreted in human milk. Chronic administration of diazepam to nursing mothers has been reported to cause their infants to become lethargic and to lose weight.

Contraindications:

Benzodiazepines require special precaution if used in children and in alcohol- or drug-dependent individuals. Particular care should be taken in pregnant or elderly patients, patients with substance abuse history, particularly alcohol dependence and patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Use of alprazolam should be avoided or carefully monitored by medical professionals in individuals with the following conditions: myasthenia gravis, acute narrow-angle glaucoma, severe liver deficiencies (e.g., cirrhosis), severe sleep apnea, pre-existing respiratory depression, marked neuromuscular respiratory weakness including unstable myasthenia gravis, acute pulmonary insufficiency, chronic psychosis, hypersensitivity or allergy to alprazolam or other drugs in the benzodiazepine class, borderline personality disorder (may induce suicidality and dyscontrol).

Like all central nervous system depressants, including alcohol, alprazolam in larger-than-normal doses can cause significant deterioration in alertness, combined with increased feelings of drowsiness, especially in those unaccustomed to the drug's effects. People driving or conducting activities that require vigilance should exercise caution in using alprazolam or any other depressant.

Elderly individuals should be cautious in the use of alprazolam due to the possibility of increased susceptibility to side-effects, especially loss of coordination and drowsiness.

Adverse effects:

Xanax (alprazolam) 2 mg tri-score tablets

Allergic reactions are unlikely to occur. The only common side effect is sleepiness when treatment is initiated.

Possible side effects include:

Disinhibition

Change in libido

Jaundice (very rare)

Hallucinations (rare)

Dry mouth (infrequent)

Ataxia, slurred speech

Suicidal ideation (rare)

Urinary retention (infrequent)

Skin rash, respiratory depression, constipation

Anterograde amnesia and concentration problems

Drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, unsteadiness and impaired coordination, vertigo

Paradoxical reactions

Although unusual, the following paradoxical reactions have been shown to occur:

Aggression

Rage, hostility

Twitches and tremor

Mania, agitation, hyperactivity and restlessness

Food and drug interactions

Alprazolam is primarily metabolised via CYP3A4. Combining CYP3A4 inhibitors such as cimetidine, erythromycin, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, nefazodone, propoxyphene, and ritonavir delay the hepatic clearance of alprazolam, which may result in excessive accumulation of alprazolam. This may result in exacerbation of its adverse effect profile.

Imipramine and desipramine have been reported to be increased an average of 31% and 20%, respectively, by the concomitant administration of alprazolam tablets in doses up to 4 mg/day. Combined oral contraceptive pills reduce the clearance of alprazolam, which may lead to increased plasma levels of alprazolam and accumulation.

Alcohol is one of the most important and common interactions. Alcohol and benzodiazepines such as alprazolam taken in combination have a synergistic effect on one another, which can cause severe sedation, behavioral changes, and intoxication. The more alcohol and alprazolam taken the worse the interaction.Combination of alprazolam with the herb kava can result in the development of a semi-comatose state.[58] Hypericum conversely can lower the plasma levels of alprazolam and reduce its therapeutic effect

Overdose:

Xanax 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg scored tablets

Main article:

Benzodiazepine overdose

Overdoses of alprazolam can be mild to severe depending on how much of the drug is taken and any other drugs that have been taken.

Alprazolam overdoses cause excess central nervous system (CNS) depression and may include one or more of the following symptoms

Somnolence (sleepy state)Hypotension (low blood pressure)Hypoventilation (shallow breathing)Impaired motor functions DizzinessImpaired balanceMuscle weaknessImpaired or absent reflexes

FaintingComaDeath (very rare):

In a study of deaths in Palm Beach County where the drug alprazolam was detected, approx. 50% of cases were attributed to poly-drug use (the combined toxicity of two or more drugs). The majority of these cases included either cocaine or methadone. Alprazolam alone caused only 1% of the deaths. These results indicate alprazolam has a very low incidence of causing death when taken alone.[63]

Dependence and withdrawal:

Alprazolam, like other benzodiazepines, binds to specific sites on the GABAA gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor. When bound to these sites, which are referred to as benzodiazepine receptors, it modulates the effect of GABA A receptors and, thus, GABAergic neurons. Long-term use causes adaptive changes in the benzodiazepine receptors, making them less sensitive to stimulation and less powerful in their effects.

Withdrawal and rebound symptoms occur commonly and necessitate a gradual reduction in dosage to minimize withdrawal effects when discontinuing.

Not all withdrawal effects are evidence of true dependence or withdrawal. Recurrence of symptoms such as anxiety may simply indicate that the drug was having its expected anti-anxiety effect and that, in the absence of the drug, the symptom has returned to pretreatment levels. If the symptoms are more severe or frequent, the patient may be experiencing a rebound effect due to the removal of the drug. Either of these can occur without the patient's actually being drug-dependent.

Alprazolam and other benzodiazepines may also cause the development of physical dependence, tolerance, and benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms during rapid dose reduction or cessation of therapy after long-term treatment. There is a higher chance of withdrawal reactions if the drug is administered in a higher dosage than recommended, or if a patient stops taking the medication altogether without slowly allowing the body to adjust to a lower-dosage regimen.

Some common symptoms of alprazolam discontinuation include malaise, weakness, insomnia, tachycardia, lightheadedness, and dizziness.

Patients taking a dosing regimen larger than 4 mg per day have an increased potential for dependence. This medication may cause withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt withdrawal or rapid tapering, which in some cases have been known to cause seizures. The discontinuation of this medication may also cause a reaction called rebound anxiety.

Delirium and seizures have been anecdotally reported in the medical literature from abrupt alprazolam discontinuation.

The benzodiazepines diazepam (Valium) and oxazepam (Serepax) have been found to produce fewer withdrawal reactions than alprazolam (Xanax), temazepam (Restoril/Normison), or lorazepam (Temesta/Ativan). Factors that determine the risk of psychological dependence or physical dependence and the severity of the benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms experienced during dose reduction of alprazolam include: dosage used, length of use, frequency of dosing, personality characteristics of the individual, previous use of cross-dependent/cross-tolerant drugs (alcohol or other sedative-hypnotic drugs), current use of cross-dependent/-tolerant drugs, use of other short-acting, high-potency benzodiazepines, and method of discontinuation.

Pharmacology:

Alprazolam is classed as a high-potency benzodiazepine and is a triazolobenzodiazepine, namely a benzodiazepine with a triazole ring attached to its structure. Benzodiazepines produce a variety of therapeutic and adverse effects by binding to the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABAA receptor and modulating the function of the GABA receptor, the most prolific inhibitory receptor within the brain. The GABA chemical and receptor system mediates inhibitory or calming effects of alprazolam on the nervous system. The GABAA receptor is made up of 5 subunits out of a possible 19, and GABAA receptors made up of different combinations of subunits have different properties, different locations within the brain, and, importantly, different activities with regard to benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines and in particular alprazolam causes a marked suppression of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis. The therapeutic properties of alprazolam are similar to other benzodiazepines and include anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, hypnotic and amnesic.

Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption:

Following oral administration, alprazolam is readily absorbed. Peak concentrations in the plasma occur in one to two hours following administration. Plasma levels are proportionate to the dose given; over the dose range of 0.5 to 3.0 mg, peak levels of 8.0 to 37 ng/mL were observed. Using a specific assay methodology, the mean plasma elimination half-life of alprazolam has been found to be about 11.2 hours (range: 6.3 to 26.9 hours) in healthy adults.

Metabolism/Elimination:

Alprazolam is extensively metabolized in humans, primarily by cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4), to two major metabolites in plasma: 4-hydroxyalprazolam and α- hydroxyalprazolam. A benzophenone derived from alprazolam is also found in humans. Theirs half-lives appear to be similar to that of alprazolam. The plasma concentrations of 4-hydroxyalprazolam and α-hydroxyalprazolam relative to unchanged alprazolam coincentration were always less than 4%. The reported relative potencies in benzodiazepines receptor binding experiments and in animals models of induced seizure inhibition are 0.2 and 0.66, respectively, for 4-hydroxyalprazolam and α-hydroxyalprazolam. Such low concentrations and lesser potencies of 4-hydroxyalprazolam and α-hydroxyalprazolam suggest that they are unlikely to contribute much to the pharmacological effects of alprazolam. The benzophenone metabolite is essentially inactive.

Alprazolam and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine.

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Bunex 0.2mg by Safe Pharma

Bunex 0.2mg by Safe Pharma

Product Description
Generic Name:

Buprenorphine

Buprenorphine is used to treat opioid dependence (addiction to opioid drugs, including heroin and narcotic painkillers). Buprenorphine is in a class of medications called opioid partial agonist-antagonists, and naloxone is in a class of medications called opioid antagonists. Buprenorphine alone and the combination of buprenorphine and naloxone prevent withdrawal symptoms when someone stops taking opioid drugs by producing similar effects to these drugs.

How should this medicine be used?

Buprenorphine and the combination of buprenorphine and naloxone come as sublingual tablets to taken under the tongue. They are usually taken once a day. To help you remember to take buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone, take it around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

You will start your treatment with buprenorphine, which you will take in the doctor's office. Your doctor will start you on a low dose of buprenorphine and will increase your dose for several days before switching you to buprenorphine and naloxone. Your doctor may increase or decrease your buprenorphine and naloxone dose until the medication works properly.

Place the tablets under your tongue until they melt. This should take 2 to 10 minutes. If you are taking more than two tablets, either place them all under your tongue at the same time or place them under your tongue 2 at a time. Do not chew the tablets or swallow them whole.

Do not stop taking buprenorphine and naloxone without talking to your doctor. Stopping buprenorphine and naloxone too quickly can cause withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor will tell you when and how to stop taking buprenorphine and naloxone.

Before taking buprenorphine:

tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to buprenorphine, naloxone, or any other medications.
do not take antidepressants ('mood elevators'), narcotic pain killers, sedatives, sleeping pills, or tranquilizers while taking buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone.
tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention any of the following: acetaminophen (Tylenol, others); antifungals such as fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox), and ketoconazole (Nizoral); carbamazepine (Tegretol); cholesterol-lowering medications (statins); cimetidine (Tagamet); clarithromycin (Biaxin); cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune); danazol (Danocrine); delavirdine (Rescriptor); dexamethasone (Decadron); diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac); erythromycin (E.E.S., E-Mycin, Erythrocin); ethosuximide (Zarontin);fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem); fluvoxamine (Luvox); HIV protease inhibitors such as indinavir (Crixivan), nelfinavir (Viracept), and ritonavir (Norvir); iron products; isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid); medications for anxiety, mental illness, and seizures; methotrexate (Rheumatrex); metronidazole (Flagyl);nefazodone (Serzone); niacin (nicotinic acid); oral contraceptives (birth control pills); phenobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton); phenytoin (Dilantin); rifabutin (Mycobutin); rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane); troglitazone (Rezulin); troleandomycin (TAO); verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan); and zafirlukast (Accolate). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
tell your doctor if you drink large amounts of alcohol and if you have or have ever had adrenal problems such as Addison's disease; benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH, enlargement of the prostate gland); difficulty urinating; head injury; hallucinations (seeing things or hearing voices that do not exist); a curve in the spine that makes it hard to breathe; gallbladder disease; stomach conditions; and thyroid, kidney, liver, or lung disease.
tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone, call your doctor.
if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are taking buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone.
you should know that buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
remember that alcohol can add to the breathing difficulties that can be caused by this medication.
you should know that buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting when you get up too quickly from a lying position. This is more common when you first start taking buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone. To avoid this problem, get out of bed slowly, resting your feet on the floor for a few minutes before standing up.
side effects:

headache

stomach pain

constipation

vomiting

difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep

sweating

hives

skin rash

itching

difficulty breathing or swallowing

slowed breathing

upset stomach

extreme tiredness

unusual bleeding or bruising

lack of energy

loss of appetite

pain in the upper right part of the stomach

yellowing of the skin or eyes

flu-like symptoms

Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone can be a target for people who abuse prescription medications or street drugs. Keep your medication in a safe place to protect from theft. Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.

What other information:

Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor will order certain lab tests to check your body's response to buprenorphine and naloxone.

In case of an emergency, you or a family member should tell the treating doctor or emergency room staff that you are taking buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone.

Do not inject buprenorphine or sublingual tablets. Severe reactions may happen, including withdrawal symptoms.

Do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription.

It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.

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Bunorfin 0.2mg by Atco

Bunorfin 0.2mg by Atco Specifications

Product Description
Generic Name:

Buprenorphine

Buprenorphine is used to treat opioid dependence (addiction to opioid drugs, including heroin and narcotic painkillers). Buprenorphine is in a class of medications called opioid partial agonist-antagonists, and naloxone is in a class of medications called opioid antagonists. Buprenorphine alone and the combination of buprenorphine and naloxone prevent withdrawal symptoms when someone stops taking opioid drugs by producing similar effects to these drugs.

How should this medicine be used?

Buprenorphine and the combination of buprenorphine and naloxone come as sublingual tablets to taken under the tongue. They are usually taken once a day. To help you remember to take buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone, take it around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

You will start your treatment with buprenorphine, which you will take in the doctor's office. Your doctor will start you on a low dose of buprenorphine and will increase your dose for several days before switching you to buprenorphine and naloxone. Your doctor may increase or decrease your buprenorphine and naloxone dose until the medication works properly.

Place the tablets under your tongue until they melt. This should take 2 to 10 minutes. If you are taking more than two tablets, either place them all under your tongue at the same time or place them under your tongue 2 at a time. Do not chew the tablets or swallow them whole.

Do not stop taking buprenorphine and naloxone without talking to your doctor. Stopping buprenorphine and naloxone too quickly can cause withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor will tell you when and how to stop taking buprenorphine and naloxone.

Before taking buprenorphine:

tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to buprenorphine, naloxone, or any other medications.
do not take antidepressants ('mood elevators'), narcotic pain killers, sedatives, sleeping pills, or tranquilizers while taking buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone.
tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention any of the following: acetaminophen (Tylenol, others); antifungals such as fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox), and ketoconazole (Nizoral); carbamazepine (Tegretol); cholesterol-lowering medications (statins); cimetidine (Tagamet); clarithromycin (Biaxin); cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune); danazol (Danocrine); delavirdine (Rescriptor); dexamethasone (Decadron); diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac); erythromycin (E.E.S., E-Mycin, Erythrocin); ethosuximide (Zarontin);fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem); fluvoxamine (Luvox); HIV protease inhibitors such as indinavir (Crixivan), nelfinavir (Viracept), and ritonavir (Norvir); iron products; isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid); medications for anxiety, mental illness, and seizures; methotrexate (Rheumatrex); metronidazole (Flagyl);nefazodone (Serzone); niacin (nicotinic acid); oral contraceptives (birth control pills); phenobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton); phenytoin (Dilantin); rifabutin (Mycobutin); rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane); troglitazone (Rezulin); troleandomycin (TAO); verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan); and zafirlukast (Accolate). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
tell your doctor if you drink large amounts of alcohol and if you have or have ever had adrenal problems such as Addison's disease; benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH, enlargement of the prostate gland); difficulty urinating; head injury; hallucinations (seeing things or hearing voices that do not exist); a curve in the spine that makes it hard to breathe; gallbladder disease; stomach conditions; and thyroid, kidney, liver, or lung disease.
tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone, call your doctor.
if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are taking buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone.
you should know that buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
remember that alcohol can add to the breathing difficulties that can be caused by this medication.
you should know that buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting when you get up too quickly from a lying position. This is more common when you first start taking buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone. To avoid this problem, get out of bed slowly, resting your feet on the floor for a few minutes before standing up.
side effects:

headache

stomach pain

constipation

vomiting

difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep

sweating

hives

skin rash

itching

difficulty breathing or swallowing

slowed breathing

upset stomach

extreme tiredness

unusual bleeding or bruising

lack of energy

loss of appetite

pain in the upper right part of the stomach

yellowing of the skin or eyes

flu-like symptoms

Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone can be a target for people who abuse prescription medications or street drugs. Keep your medication in a safe place to protect from theft. Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.

What other information:

Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor will order certain lab tests to check your body's response to buprenorphine and naloxone.

In case of an emergency, you or a family member should tell the treating doctor or emergency room staff that you are taking buprenorphine or buprenorphine and naloxone.

Do not inject buprenorphine or sublingual tablets. Severe reactions may happen, including withdrawal symptoms.

Do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription.

It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.

Read More